In 2023, 114,538 companies were established in Spain, 8.9% more than in 2022, with 105,214. This is stated in the report entitled Creation of companies in 2023 and business survival between 2007 and 2023, carried out with data from the Notarial Statistical Information Centre (CIEN), which positions 2023 as the year with the highest creation of companies since 2008.
The data indicate that of the 114,538 companies created last year, 83,356 (73% of the total) were created with a founding capital of between 3,000 and 4,000 euro and practically all of them acquired the legal form of Limited Liability Company (SRL). In general terms, this group makes up the niche of microenterprises and SMEs that concentrate the vast majority of the Spanish business fabric.
The rest of the new companies, established with a higher founding capital, reached 31,182 (27% of the total).
It should be noted that, for every 100 new companies that were established last year, 28.7 were liquidated in that same period.
Furthermore, in the last year, an annual increase in business creation has been observed in all the autonomous regions. Nearly 72% were created in Madrid, Catalonia, Andalusia and the Valencian Community and, in the country as a whole, the proportion of companies incorporated in 2023 with lower initial capital was the majority.
If compared by population, in Spain some 2,382 companies were created per million inhabitants. This average was surpassed by Madrid (3,646), the Balearic Islands (3,417), Catalonia (2,835) and the Valencian Community (2,809), which together concentrate entrepreneurial dynamism.
According to María Teresa Barea, spokesperson for the General Council of Notaries: “This study reflects the dynamism of the Spanish business sector, fundamentally its SMEs, to which we also want to contribute. In fact, since November 2023, with the entry into force of Law 11/2023, notaries can provide all our commercial services online, if business people or entrepreneurs want it. They only need to register and certify themselves in the Notarial Portal ( https://www.portalnotarial.es/ ) and choose the notary they prefer to formalise online from the incorporation of companies, to capital increases, the appointment of administrators, the changes of domicile of companies, or the minutes of general meetings, among others.”
Business survival from 2007 to 2023
Regarding the duration of companies, the report indicates that between 2007 and 2023, 1,495,650 companies were created, and although 411,143 did not survive, more than one million are still “alive.” Furthermore, for every 100 companies created in that period, 27.5 were liquidated and an average of 72.5 remained active. This implies that, between 2007 and 2023, there was positive net creation at the national level.
Two features that characterise the group of companies liquidated in this period are, on the one hand, that they had a founding capital that was 22% lower than the rest, and on the other, they had an average number of partners that was 10.2% higher than the rest of the cases. Therefore, and without taking other factors into account, the survival of companies could be more likely when the initial capital is greater and the number of founding partners is lower.
In Spain, 0.6% of companies created between 2007 and 2023 were liquidated before their first year of life. By community, the situation of Castilla-La Mancha stands out, an autonomy in which there are fewer societies that survive the year (1.2% did not survive) and Navarra in which only 0.3% dissolved before the age of 12 months.
The report also indicates that, between one and two years after their creation, 1.2% of companies incorporated in Spain as a whole were liquidated, with Catalonia being the community with the highest rate (1.5%) and Murcia being the one with the lower (0.7%). Finally, between two and three years after its constitution, Spain as a whole shows a liquidation rate of 1.4%, with Catalonia standing out as the region in which the highest percentage of companies were liquidated (1.8%) and Murcia. where again the percentage is lower (0.9%).
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