A sweeping scientific assessment has linked the current summer heatwave to an estimated 2,300 deaths across Europe, with Spain accounting for one of the highest tolls, as temperatures surged past 40 °C in several regions.
The analysis, compiled by an international team of public health researchers and climatologists, examined excess mortality data from 12 European cities, identifying a consistent spike in deaths corresponding with recent extreme temperatures. The researchers used real-time modelling tools to isolate the impact of the heat from other health trends.
In Spain, the regions of Andalusia, Madrid, and parts of Castilla-La Mancha recorded prolonged heat spells, where temperatures exceeded 40–43 °C over several consecutive days. The combination of high humidity and sustained heat is believed to have worsened conditions for vulnerable groups, especially the elderly and those with pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory illnesses.
Hospitals in multiple regions reported a surge in heat-related admissions, particularly among outdoor workers, elderly residents without air conditioning, and individuals suffering from dehydration. Spanish emergency services issued repeated warnings to stay indoors during peak heat hours and avoid unnecessary exertion.
The data follows similar trends from 2022 and 2023, when Europe experienced record-breaking heatwaves that killed tens of thousands. This summer’s figures, though still preliminary, suggest that climate-linked extreme heat events are becoming a routine public health emergency.
The report authors stressed that while not all deaths were directly caused by heatstroke, the conditions likely exacerbated underlying health problems or created situations where timely medical attention was not possible.
Spain’s health ministry is expected to issue updated summer health guidance this week, including expanded shelter and cooling measures in urban areas and increased public awareness efforts targeting at-risk populations.
Scientists involved in the study reiterated the urgent need for governments to prepare more systematically for extreme heat.
“This is no longer a rare event. These are now seasonal patterns requiring infrastructure, healthcare, and public planning to adapt,” said one senior climatologist from Barcelona’s Global Health Institute.
With more heat forecast later this month, Spanish authorities are reviewing early warning protocols and urging municipalities to activate local emergency response plans.
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